Subalpine forests are high-altitude forests found in mountainous regions just below the treeline. These forests are characterized by a mix of coniferous trees such as pine, fir, and spruce, as well as deciduous trees like aspen and birch. Subalpine forests are typically found in regions with cold temperatures and short growing seasons, leading to slower growth rates and smaller tree sizes compared to lower elevation forests. These forests are important for biodiversity, providing habitat for a variety of wildlife species, and play a crucial role in regulating water flow and preventing erosion in mountainous landscapes. Research in subalpine forests often focuses on studying the impact of climate change, fire ecology, forest management practices, and the effects of human activities on these fragile ecosystems.